Kenya’s Livestock Feed Sector Raises Concerns Over La Nina Preparedness
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A consortium of animal feed and fodder manufacturers is calling on the government and stakeholders within the livestock value chain to take proactive measures in preparation for a potential drought anticipated later this year.
The Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) has issued a warning that the country’s food security may deteriorate between October 2024 and January 2025, largely due to the high likelihood of below-average rainfall driven by the La Nina phenomenon.
La Nina is caused by cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, resulting in significant shifts in global weather patterns that can disrupt agricultural productivity. In Kenya, it causes dry conditions during the short rainy season, from October. The Kenya Feed and Fodder Alliance (KeFFA) has proposed a series of measures aimed at shielding the livestock sector from the anticipated impacts of drought.
Among these, the alliance stresses the urgent need to enhance fodder production to ensure adequate feed reserves throughout the dry season. “Stakeholders must prioritize the proper storage of all available fodder resources,” urged Ms Scholastica Mang’eng’e, KeFFA Vice-President. “It’s crucial to purchase as much as possible while prices remain favorable.”
Speaking during a consultative meeting in Naivasha, she further advised aggregators and off-takers to secure contracts for feed supplies now, allowing their businesses to remain operational during challenging conditions.
The KeFFA also appealed to financiers, urging them to offer flexible funding terms to support feed producers. This financial backing, she said, would enable producers to increase output and secure the necessary fodder storage capacity.
The request comes amid rising pressure on the livestock sector from climate change, with experts warning that the forthcoming drought may exacerbate existing challenges faced by farmers nationwide.
A 2018 study conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development revealed a staggering 60 percent deficit in animal feed, with the most severe shortfalls occurring in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs).
The situation has been worsened by rising instances of drought linked to climate change, with the prolonged drought from 2020 to 2022 being the most severe in four decades. This drought led to livestock losses estimated at Kshs 70 million, not accounting for losses in livestock body condition or ecological balance.
The Africa Women in Animal Resources Farming and Agribusiness Network (AWARFA-N) in Kenya has expressed concerns that women are not adequately prepared due to historical and cultural factors, particularly regarding land and property rights. However, Ms. Christine Kalua, the President of AWARFA-N Kenya, remains optimistic.
She noted that the organization is collaborating with like-minded associations, such as the KeFFA, to develop strategies in response to potential La Nina events. “We are eager to actively engage with these established systems and enhance awareness throughout our network, ensuring that women are well-prepared and equipped to respond effectively in a timely manner,” she stated.
The KeFFA urged the government to review the feed and fodder storage capacities across the country, to ensure that all the fodder that will be harvested this season is stored to minimize or eliminate any post-harvest loss. “Review the funding mechanisms for Kenya Development Corporation (KDC) under the drive project, and Agriculture Financing Corporation (AFC) to ensure that more loan funds are availed to facilitate expansion of fodder production fields, buying and stocking of fodder,” she stated.
The alliance stressed and advocated for the government to utilize all available channels to disseminate weather forecasts. Ensuring that farmers, pastoralists, and cooperatives receive timely information, she said, will allow for informed decision-making, helping to mitigate the impacts of the dry season.
In northern Kenya, some livestock keepers are feeling optimistic about their readiness for La Niña, leveraging insights gained from previous droughts that led to the loss of thousands of camels, cattle, and goats.
Mr. Tumal Orto, a camel pastoralist and community leader from the Gabra indigenous group in Marsabit County, highlighted that herders have adjusted their grazing strategies to address the effects of climate change on their animals. “Right now, we have sufficient water and pasture to sustain us through this event. However, emerging diseases, especially Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), often referred to as ‘Goat’s plague,’ is a significant concern for many livestock keepers in northern Kenya,” he cautiously remarked.
Approximately 70 percent of the ruminant livestock population is located in arid and semi-arid lands, which constitute about 80 percent of the country’s land mass.
These animals are primarily raised under a pastoral production system. The livestock populations are estimated at 4 million heads of exotic dairy cattle, 16 million heads of indigenous cattle, 24 million heads of hair sheep, 34 million heads of indigenous goats, 4 million heads of camels, and 48 million indigenous poultry.
The African Union – Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR) through the Resilient African Feed and Fodder Systems, aims to address critical challenges related to livestock keeping, specifically focusing on feed and fodder security.
AU-IBAR is a specialized technical office of the African Union Commission (AUC), led by a director, that provides strategic leadership in the development and management of animal resources across Africa. Dr Huyam Salih, the AU-IBAR director, has called for a coordinated approach involving resources, investments, and awareness-building to ensure large-scale feed and fodder preparedness in Africa’s livestock sector.
Suleiman Mbatiah
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